During WWII, the globe utilized around 5 megatons of explosives.
This is a Trident II missile, which can carry 12 nuclear warheads with a combined explosive strength of around 5 megatons.
Up to 24 Trident II missiles may be carried by a single American Ohio Class submarine.
A single submarine may carry a massive quantity of weaponry that is deadly, disastrous, and unimaginable.
Submarines may creep up anywhere, unnoticed, ready to unleash weapons more potent than some nations' entire arsenal in a second, despite the fact that, due to arms limitation treaties and practicality, these vessels frequently carry considerably less than their maximum armament.
Submarines serve a mission that is distinct from that of other naval vessels.
Submarines, on the other hand, are meant to be unseen, undetected, an invisible, silent force that could or could not be anywhere at any time. While an aircraft carrier, for example, is meant to be big, foreboding, and noticeable as a means of displaying a nation's power to the world, submarines are meant to be unseen, undetected, an invisible, silent force that could or could not be anywhere at any time.
Submarines virtually serve a psychological warfare purpose in that an opponent can never be sure whether a submarine is lurking off its beach.
Submarines are used by dozens of countries, but the most powerful and typically biggest are those capable of shooting ballistic missiles with nuclear weapons.
These submarines are believed to be in the hands of only six countries.
The United States, the United Kingdom, France, India, Russia, and China are the countries involved.
Furthermore, experts have discovered proof that both North Korea and Israel have nuclear-
capable submarines.
In today's world, there are essentially two types of military submarines, each with a distinct mission:
The assault submarine, which is the most prevalent kind, is smaller and attacks other close-
range targets such as ships with torpedoes, shorter-
range missiles, and other weaponry in warfare.
The ballistic missile submarine, on the other hand, is a bigger sort of submarine that effectively functions as a movable, covert launch platform for nuclear missiles.
The notion is that a country's submarines, as a stealth launch platform, would survive any nuclear first strike and therefore be able to counterattack against an aggressor.
As a result, ballistic missile submarines are critical to the concept of mutually assured annihilation.
Both the attacker and those attacked will be annihilated if someone strikes with nuclear weapons and those attacked have nuclear weapons that can resist a strike and respond.
As a result, many people regard these nuclear-
capable submarines to constitute a sort of nuclear deterrence.
They claim that by ensuring their annihilation, they lessen the probability of others deploying nuclear weapons.
Because these submarines may exist even if a country and its government perish, they require autonomous authorization to fire their missiles.
While other operators are likely to have similar setups, it is known that each of the UK's four ballistic missile submarines has a note in their safe advising their captain on what to do if the UK is destroyed by a nuclear attack.
Each prime minister writes these letters at the start of their tenure and has them destroyed, unread, at the conclusion.
Each PM must essentially select between four possible alternatives for instructing the sub commanders: do nothing, place themselves under the leadership of an ally such as the United States or Australia, use their judgment, or react by firing nuclear missiles at the aggressor.
The covering of water, of course, is what gives submarines their stealth.
The Ohio class of submarines is believed to be capable of diving to depths of up to 800 feet (250 meters).
In truth, they are thought to be capable of far more.
However, as soon as a submarine emerges, its stealth is compromised, especially in today's era of satellite surveillance.
Submarines must be able to stay underwater for lengthy periods of time in order to go undersea on one side of the planet and travel unnoticed to the other.
Of fact, nearly all ballistic missile-
equipped submarines in the world are nuclear-
powered, giving them essentially infinite range.
The reactor cores of these ships only need to be replaced every few decades.
Furthermore, most submarines are equipped with oxygen generators and desalinates, therefore, like nuclear-
powered aircraft carriers, the only thing limiting their deployment time is their food supply.
Each boat has two fully manned crews at any given time: the Blue and Gold crews aboard American nuclear submarines, which operate similarly to those of other countries.
While on patrol, which lasts an average of 77 days, the Blue crew will be the first to man the boat.
The patrols of several submarines are arranged in such a way that submarines are constantly present.
Despite this lengthy patrol duration, submarines are reputed to enjoy the greatest meals of any warship in the US Navy.
Some argue that this is due to the fact that submarines are small and the cook has nowhere to hide if the cuisine isn't up to par.
It's more than likely due to the fact that submarines have a larger food budget than conventional ships.
Food is vital for morale, especially because submarine service is one of the most difficult tasks in the Navy.
Fresh food can only last two weeks at most, therefore the quality of the meals degrades as time passes.
Canned, dry, or frozen products are eventually the only options.
The deterioration of food quality signals the end of patrol, at which point the first crew, the blue crew, will return the boat to either its home port or an ally overseas port.
After that, the gold crew will come, and both crews will work for 25 days to complete a rotation, restocking, and maintenance period.
The blue crew will then travel home for vacation and training before the cycle begins again.
This cycle is repeated by the majority of crew members for years.
Submariners' days are also divided into cycles.
They labor for eight hours and
then have sixteen hours to train, maintain, exercise, eat, and sleep.
Here's a Boeing 747-
merican Ohio-
Class submarine to give you an idea of the size of the largest of these submarines.
It's approximately 2.5 times the length of the plane, with a hull circumference that dwarfs the fuselage.
Despite this, it is not the world's biggest submarine.
This honor goes to the Russian Typhoon-
class submarine, which is somewhat longer and much broader.
These are so spacious that they have a sauna and a small pool as part of its facilities.
On the other hand, American submarines and most foreign submarines have less comforts.
Submariners must have something to do in their spare time because they will be without sunshine for three months in a metal tube, yet there isn't much room.
The mess is the only open area that isn't used for work.
Submarines frequently feature gym equipment, although it's usually scattered out in various nooks and crannies rather than being centralized into one space.
A submariner's small berth is their sole truly personal area on huge Ohio-
class submarines.
Because the number of sailors aboard smaller submarines, such as the American Virginia-
class, exceeds the number of bunks, the most junior sailors will be forced to share bunks while one works and the other sleeps, and vice versa, with no genuine personal space.
Submarines have minimal connection with the outside world compared to many surface Navy ships, which have phones, frequent mail delivery, and even the internet.
Each submariner is assigned an email account to which their loved ones can send messages.
All of these signals are delivered electronically once the submarine is able to receive communications.
A dedicated staff member reviews all of the messages onboard.
They go over everything to make sure no information is being provided that they don't want the sailor to know about.
For example, they may decide not to notify the crew of a family death in order to maintain crew morale.
Because it's sometimes impossible to get sailors off in the first place, many people feel it's best to save the news till the conclusion of the patrol.
Submarine communication, on the other hand, is hindered by the fact that they spend months underwater.
Although almost no radio signals may pass through saline water, submarines require communications in order to receive commands.
However, very low frequency radio waves may penetrate water to some extent.
As a result, underwater communication systems rely heavily on VLF radio.
Large VLF transmitters are used by several navies.
For example, there are ones in Maine, Washington, Hawaii, and elsewhere in the United States; India has one on its southern coast; and Western Australia has one.
These VLF signals may penetrate the water and be picked up by a submarine at depths of up to 60 feet (20 meters).
VLF, on the other hand, has a relatively limited bandwidth, which is one of its key drawbacks.
It can't even send real-
time audio signals; the maximum it can send in text is 700 words per minute.
Some submarines may also send buoys to shallower depths to receive messages as they get deeper.
Submarines can also answer with VLF frequencies since they don't have large enough transmitters and must dive to shallow depths to respond with antennas protruding from the sea.
Modern submarines will frequently have rapid communications with satellites at this depth in order to receive and upload information.
There are a few alternative approaches used less often, some new technologies under development, and several stand-
alone systems meant to be utilized if the main systems fail, but VLF radio remains the primary mode of communication for most submarines.
However, because submarines spend much of their time beneath in stealth, another essential factor is impossible to traverse.
Both GPS and radar are ineffective underwater because they rely on higher frequency waves that cannot pass through any depth of water.
Sonar, in which the submarine emits a sound and then listens to when and how the sound returns to map out its surroundings, does operate underwater, but generating this sound makes it very easy for others to follow a submarine.
Submarines can't utilize active sonar in stealth mode, hence they can't use it.
They instead rely on an inertial navigation system.
These are simply accelerometer and gyroscope devices that take a submarine's last-
known exact GPS position and measure its motions in relation to it.
It utilizes this to estimate position, but as time passes since the previous valid data, the system's accuracy deteriorates.
These will drift to just around 1.15 miles (1.85 kilometers) of accuracy within 24 hours after the latest reading.
This method, paired with the use of maps, is typically sufficient because the ocean is a large, open expanse most of the time, but there are a few items floating beneath the surface that might crash with submarines.
Some contemporary submarines are so perfectly camouflaged that they may go undetected by another submarine just feet away.
That's what occurred on the night of February 3rd, 2009, when the HMS Vanguard submarine of the British Navy felt a loud bump while traveling in the East Atlantic Ocean.
It had seemingly coincidentally collided with the French submarine Le Triomphant.
Fortunately, they were traveling at a slow pace and no one was hurt, but given that both of these submarines were armed with nuclear weapons, one can only picture the possible repercussions of a more serious accident.
Even in peacetime, submarines are deadly.
They're made to vanish, so when something goes wrong, they usually vanish as well.
Many submarine-
operating countries have rescue submarines that can theoretically be used to assist trapped submariners by diving, latching on, and transporting them to the surface, although these have never seen much action in practice.
Submarines can sink if their systems fail and no one can reach them before the oxygen runs out.
Submarine tracking technology is improving at the same time as submarines improve their camouflage.
Some speculate that there will come a day when nothing can be hidden in the ocean's depths, yet submarines are an essential part of any modern fleet until then.
Even classic, non-
submarines and their torpedoes remain lethal and devastating today, just as they were during WWII.
Sonar-
equipped equipped submarines are one of the finest methods to monitor submarines, therefore it's a situation where governments require submarines because others have submarines.
That's why hundreds of them are still lurking somewhere, or rather, anywhere, ready to strike at any moment.
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